ZHANG Daqian's Experiences in Foreign Lands and the Transformation of His Late-period Artistic Ideas in Painting

Regarding ZHANG Daqian's late-period artistic ideas, many scholars focus on the study of “influences”, such as the influence of the Western elements like light, shadow, composition, and colors on ZHANG's paintings of his later-period creation. The artworks of ZHANG during this period cannot be simply understood as an “influence”, “input”, or “addition” of heterogeneous cultures to his original culture and art. It requires a greater emphasis on ZHANG's subjective psychology and artistic needs. Namely, he absorbed thoughts and resources from foreign lands based on his local demands. He not only activated the experiences and expressions of his own subjective life through the experiences in foreign lands, but also validated them in his homeland after the foreign encounters. As a result, he constructed a homeland within his paintings in foreign lands.